Meth is the ultimate fool's gold among illicit drugs. It makes users feel euphoric, confident, intelligent, energetic and sexually desirable. But, over time, it steals those very attributes, making users depressed, insecure, confused, tired and impotent. Once addicted, users struggle to feel pleasure without the drug, and after quitting, they battle depression and cravings for years.

What is it?

Methamphetamine, known as meth, speed, crank, crystal and ice, is a powerfully addictive stimulant that affects the central nervous system. A white, odorless powder that easily dissolves in water or alcohol, it can be smoked, snorted or injected.

What happens?

Immediately after smoking or injecting the drug, the user experiences a highly pleasurable "flash" or "rush" that lasts several minutes. People who snort or inject the drug feel the initial rush within three to 20 minutes.

The body begins to tolerate the drug immediately, so users binge by taking repeated doses to maintain a high, a pleasurable sensation that can last from eight to 24 hours.

In addition to the euphoria and sense of well-being, users often have an increased libido, although long-term use can create sexual dysfunction, even on the drug.

Chronic users will refuse to eat or sleep so they can continue a prolonged binge pattern called "a run" or "tweaking." The pattern can last several days, until the user runs out of the drug or becomes too disorganized to continue.

How does it work?

Methamphetamine causes the brain to release high levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, into areas that control feelings of pleasure. Over time, the drug inhibits the brain's ability to transport and store dopamine on its own. Some research suggests it could permanently damage nerve terminals in the brain.

The drug also increases the metabolism and body temperature, causing a loss of appetite, a surge in energy and sweating.

Addiction causes molecular changes in the brain. Users exhibit violent behavior, anxiety, confusion and psychotic features, including paranoia, auditory hallucinations, violent mood swings and delusions.

What happens after the drug wears off?

Users "crash" into sleep and lethargy that can last several days, depending on the amount taken. Although there are no physical withdrawal symptoms common to other drugs, the user typically is extremely depressed, tired and anxious for several days afterward.

There is no antidote to treat meth addiction, so recovering users must battle intense cravings, depression and body aches. Treatment typically involves use of anti-depressants, counseling, group therapy and exercise.

Often, it is during this period of recovery that addicts realize the damage they have done to themselves and others, particularly their families. Guilt combines with the depression, cravings and difficulty in feeling pleasure naturally. This combination frequently sends users back to the drug.

Why do people first take meth?

The drug is relatively inexpensive and provides a prolonged high that gives users energy and a sense of well-being. Some initial users turn to meth when they think they have too many tasks to accomplish or they want to lose weight.

Does addiction cause permanent damage?

There is much ongoing research into the potential for permanent brain damage. Preliminary research suggests serious cognitive damage, including the impairment of ability to recall word-pictures, ability to manipulate information, ability to filter irrelevant information and ability to make decisions.

Some research suggests that different parts of the brain recover differently, and that some recovery may take two years after drug use stops.

Also, the prolonged increase in body temperature can cause internal organ damage, skin breakdown, dental decay and sexual impairment.